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Information Project: Rio Blanco (Molleturo, Azuay, Ecuador) and Gaby (Ponce Enriquez Ecuador)

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then translates the information on www.kitco.com on progress and current status of projects:

IMZ signed an agreement with a China company for financing and construction of gold projects in Rio Blanco and Gaby-ECUADOR.

Thursday, November 16 from 26/11/2010 Scottsdale, AZ-

The International Minerals Corporation (Toronto Stock Exchange and Switzerland: ¨ IMZ, "or" the Company · ) is pleased to announce that the company has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (¨ ¨ with a company MOUs China, China CAMC Engineering Co., Ltd. (¨ China Co °) for the financing and construction in Ecuador gold project Rio Blanco and Gaby ('projects').

IMZ currently has a 100% in the Rio Blanco project interests and mining claims comprising the Gaby project, have variable interest rates ranging from 51% to 100%.

On the basis of Memoranda of Understanding for Projects (see page 2 for details), China Co., the terms would be:

• Organizing production financing the debt required for projects through one or more financial institutions in China (the "Lender").
• Build and mining operations and deliver turnkey projects based on an industry standard contract for Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC).

The transaction is subject to a number of conditions, including: (a) receipt of necessary permits for the construction of the mine and processing facilities of mining projects in Ecuador, (b ) Canadian regulatory approvals and (c) completion of definitive documentation to provide the production financing and turnkey contract, the latter with a specific end date of January 31, 2011.

Stephen Kay, President and CEO of IMZ, said: "We are very pleased to sign this memorandum of understanding with China Co, which have a well established reputation for design, engineering and construction of turnkey industrial projects in high quality, worldwide look forward to working with China Co. to streamline the financing, construction and commencement of production in the Rio Blanco and Gaby deposit. "

key aspects of the MOU are summarized below, is pending the final amount of funding required for the Project, subject to the work of final engineering design by China Co.

projected waiting time for the construction of the project depends on several factors:

• In Rio Blanco, already completed a feasibility study (February 2006) and detailed engineering is advanced by 90%. Before the suspension of all exploration activities in Ecuador and the Ecuadorian government, which took place in March 2008, was late in the approval of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the construction of the mine. Is expected to resume shortly the EIA approval process and it is estimated that authorizations can be received by IMZ in the first half of 2011. Depending on the negotiation of the production contract for the project, as set forth in the Mining Law in Ecuador, the Rio Blanco expected that the first production could begin in late 2013 or early 2014.

• In Gaby, but IMZ has completed a preliminary feasibility study, with an estimated 6,900,000 ounces of gold in the category of measured and indicated resources (4.1 million ounces attributable to IMZ), the waiting time for the production will be longer than in Rio Blanco, because they must complete a study feasibility, prior to be authorized to begin production.

Here are the key parameters of the MOUs signed with China Co.:

PROJECT	RIO WHITE	GABY
Project Property	Equity 8 0% IMZ / 20% China Co. or its representative	IMZ 66% / 34% China Co. or its representative.
Operator	IMZ IMZ or Contractor appointed.	IMZ IMZ or contractor appointed by
Amount to be financed	On the basis of the final estimate by the project China Co. hand key (EPC) .	On the basis of the final estimate, by China Co. hand on key project (EPC) .
interest rate	- 5.85% Cap - real rate to be determined	- Stop 5.50% - real rate to be determined
Loan Repayment	- Since 75% of Cash Flow Mine (MCF) - 25% of the MCF is divided equally between capital owners	- Since 75% of Cash Flow Mine (MCF) - 25% of the MCF is divided equally between the owners of capital
repayment term of	Eight years after the initial disbursement of funds	Ten years the initial disbursement of funds
% Funded by the Creditor	85%	87.5%
% funded by IMZ	15%	12.5% \u200b\u200b
Loan Appeal	project alone. No corporate guarantee.	project alone. No corporate guarantee.
IMZ law buyback	- IMZ can buy back 20% (to reach 100%) based on a NPV of 10% within a period of 18 months of production begins	- IMZ can re- buy the 34% (to reach 100%) based on a NPV of 10% within 18 months of production begins
Cash for IMZ	- 9.0 million USD after 18 months of signing the EPC contract (hand key)	- 12.0 million U.S. dollars after 18 months of signing the EPC contract (hand key)
Orders stock by China Co. or its representative	- 0.5% of the issued and outstanding IMZ - Approximately 600,000 price guaranteed at time of initial delivery of the funds Play Read phonetically Dictionary - See detailed dictionary name re approved enough abbreviation Penny Translate any website	- 2.0% of the issued and outstanding IMZ - Approximately 2.4 million warrants to the price of time the initial delivery of the funds
Time definitive agreement	- Estimated date: January 31, 2011	- Estimated date: January 31 2011
EPC Contract (hand key)	- Can be extended by mutual agreement	- Can be extended by mutual agreement

Note 1: VAN10% = Present Value net discount rate of 10%

payment will be made to find a third party in relation to their management by facilitating the financing deal, paying the disbursement of Creditor as follows: (a) 5% of the first 300 million U.S. dollars, (b) 3% of the next $ 600 million U.S. dollars, and (c) 2% of any additional funding.

ON THE WHITE RIVER PROJECT

Here are the key parameters of the Rio Blanco project, based on (a) The results of an independent feasibility study and A subsequent simultaneous independent technical report 43-101, both dated January 30, 2006, and, (b) An internal renovation costs and operating capital, reported in the progress report dated February 19, 2009:

• High grade epithermal deposits of gold and silver veins.

• Proven and Probable Reserves: 605,000 oz (ounces) of gold and 4.3 million (oz) ounces of silver, contained in 2.2 million tonnes (Mt) of 8.8 grams of gold per tonne (g / t) and 62 g / t silver

• Estimated average annual production: about 70,000 ounces of gold and 400,000 ounces of silver.

• Total cash costs: approximately $ 300/oz of gold (including extra credit produced by the silver).

• nominal initial Life: 7.5 years with a production 800 tons per day (TPD) (underground).

• Capital expenditure (capex): Approximately $ 165 million, including $ 120 million of estimated capital expenditures and $ 45 million estimated capital and maintenance work.

• Internal Rate of Return (IRR): 32% to $ 1,000 / oz gold and an IRR of 46% to $ 1.300 an ounce of gold.

• Cash flow of the life of the mine, approximately 246 million dollars to $ 1,000 / oz gold and 405 million to $ 1,300 / ounce gold. Play

GABY ON DRAFT

Here are the key parameters of the Gaby project (project-based 100%), supported by the results of internal addendum of January 29, 2009, prepared as an addendum to the preliminary feasibility study independent of February 11, 2008 (which generated simultaneous independent technical report NI 43-101 of 26 March 2008):

• gold porphyry deposit of low grade

• The measured and indicated resources: 6.9 million ounces of gold contained in 356 million tonnes of 0.6 g / t gold (59% attributable to IMZ).

• Inferred Resources: 2.9 million ounces of gold contained in 143 million tonnes at 0.6 g / t gold (62% attributable to IMZ).

• Estimated average annual production: approximately 330,000 ounces of gold.

• Total cash costs: approximately $ 700/oz of gold.

initial • Lifetime: 16 years with an output of 60,000 t / day (open).

• Initial capital costs: an estimated $ 1.0 billion.

• Internal Rate of Return (IRR): 11% to $ 1,000 / oz gold and 20% IRR at $ 1.300 an ounce of gold.

• The cash flow for the period of mine life: approximately $ 900 million to $ 1,000 / oz gold and $ 3 billion to $ 1.300 an ounce of gold.

technical data contained in this press release were reviewed and approved by IMZ's Qualified Person, Vice President of Corporate Development, Nick Appleyard.

ABOUT INTERNATIONAL MINERALS Play

International Minerals is a producer of gold and silver and develops the production of silver and gold mines Pallancata Peru, which owns 40%, and is one of the top 10 primary mine production of silver in the world. IMZ estimates for calendar year 2010 production of approximately 10 million ounces of silver and 33,000 ounces of gold (100% project basis).

IMZ also owns a 40% interest in the gold and silver of the Immaculate Conception located in Peru and the majority or 100% of shares in gold projects in the stage development of Nevada (Goldfield and Converse) and Ecuador (Rio Blanco and Gaby). IMZ also owns a 3% net smelter return (NSR) and royalties gold mine of Barrick Ruby Hill, located in Nevada, producing approximately 100,000 ounces of gold in 2009.

IMZ listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (since 1994) and the Swiss Stock Exchange (since 2002).

ABOUT CHINA CAMC Engineering Co., LTD. AND CHINA NATIONAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY CORPORATION Play

China CAMC Engineering Co., Ltd, is a publicly traded company, is located in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China and is a subsidiary of majority owned by China National Machinery Industry Corporation (SINOMACH).

The main activity of China CAMC Engineering Co. Ltd focuses on engineering, design, equipment procurement and construction (EPC) turnkey industrial projects, both in China and internationally, including Latin South. The scope of these contracts EPC has an eclectic mix of projects, including: power generation, engineering, transportation, water, food, textiles, telecommunications, petrochemicals and agriculture.

SINOMACH is more diversified range Business in China machinery industry, with wholly owned subsidiaries in 55. Their services cover a wide range of sectors such as mining, metallurgy, energy, construction, aerospace, automotive, financial, engineering and shipbuilding.

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sleeve tattoo!

me Today I finished my left sleeve. Four sessions to an average of 3 hours per session: lots of color and charm, a lot of pain and drawing.
I am very anxious to get pictures, but will not until it heals and can climb all the way!

Well, to that there is no long wait ... here goes a looong post about tattoos!

Origins:
The desire to adorn the body with paint refers to the origin of mankind. Perhaps it is in Polynesia where the art of tattoo is more popular, since time immemorial. Those tattoos were characterized by geometric designs, embellished and renewed throughout life, to cover the entire body.

According to tradition, the tattoo, beyond its aesthetic sense, hierarchy and gives community fosters respect for the wearer. So someone is the more tattooed, more recognition is due. Marco Polo in his "Travels" confirms this idea. Australian Maori, however, used it, and still exhibit-like decoration for battle.

Currently the island of Borneo is one of the few places where you can practice the traditional form of tribal tattoo. Marquesas Islands "a body without a tattoo was stupid body, "say the natives. Is that the tattoo is there an erotic significance. The women recorded the fingers and ears with fine drawings, and the body with sexual symbols. Men are tattooed body, nose, eyelids, tongue and scalp.

Samoans called "tatau" to the technique of marking the body. English travelers who came to these islands spread this practice throughout the world and gave the name "tattoo." This English word adapted to Castilian language and thus was born "tattoo."

In ancient Egypt who were tattooed for protective and magical were women. The North American Indians tattooed young people passing from puberty to adulthood. And in Central America, used to worship their gods.

was in South America where the Indians invented temporary tattoos, of short duration. Were painted with pigments made from a mixture of flowers and animal fats, which are degraded by the day.

In Japan, tattoos were known a thousand years before the Christian era. But originally these tattoos are made to point to those who disobeyed the laws, and were "marked" for life. This practice fell into disuse until it was retaken by the aristocrats as a sign of distinction. In Japan today has one of the most important traditions tattooists. Interestingly, in 1842 the emperor Matsushita decided to ban the practice of tattooing. Japan wanted to open the world market and the emperor meant that, for the West, tattoos represent an image of barbarism.

At one time, tattoos were associated with sailors and convicts, but began to appear in public people's bodies and status, this bias was disappearing. For example, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had an anchor tattooed on his arm, as the old sailors.

what the tattoo machine?
This, to me, was the most fascinating to discover:
tattoo machine is a curious device, its origins lie in the first practical use of an electric motor, a great American inventor and cooperation of craftsmen both sides of Atlanta.

The Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and the United Kingdom (1750-1915) brought many things and among them the pastime among sailors on long journeys across the ocean to be tattooed. The tattoos are applied by various methods inspired by indigenous practices from afar, but, as with most artisanal practices, tattoos also were machined ...

Incredibly, the tattoo machine as we know it today is a fairly recent invention, but the art of tattooing is ancient. And the person who invented it was the same who invented the light bulb (and other objects 1,092): Thomas Alva Edison .

Edison is often called the father of the electric tattoo machine, although it would be more correct to call the grandfather tattoo machine. In 1875 still seeking applications for this new invention called the electric motor, which transforms electric current into a rotary motion. Perhaps the idea that led Edison to transfer the rotary electric motor circular motion a linear motion could be applied to any purpose.

What Edison was actually invented a pencil that made electric drill holes in a paper, between 50 and 3,000 holes per minute. The first machine was a device that allowed to accelerate the printing process of drilling holes in a template, through the ink that could be pressed into a sheet of paper. The machine consisted of a heavy electric motor on top of a pen barrel or tube. The needle (there was only one thick steel) was driven up and down, recording a template off a plate with a series of holes, which then was required to design or letters.

It was an efficient use of electric motors, but it was not easy to use. It was difficult and complicated to work with her for a long time. Interestingly Edison marketed the device, which sold quite well in America, even after improvements designed two years earlier in England (London patented October 29, 1875 and the U.S. Nov.6 No. 1877) By using two electromagnetic coils (copper wire around a soft iron core forming an electro-magnet), springs and bars in contact with the machine. The electromagnetic coils are widely used in instruments Morse telegraph, and the repeater 1836 and showed that it was of vital importance in the development of the tattoo machine.

Edison pursued the issue of reducing the weight so he returned to check the recorder pen to eliminate the battery, invented the pen punch (May 7, 1878) using a force-fed mechanism of the feet, like a machine sewing, and finally, the Edison Pneumatic Stencil Pen (June 25, 1878) using air pressure, gas or a liquid that would operate the system, driving the needle bar of the machine, making it lighter and easier to use than the previous.

However, Edison did not see the possibility of a device for tattooing. This leap of vision was left to Samuel O'Reilly, a tattoo artist from New York City. At the time, tattoos were almost beaten and scratched in the skin of the client. Until I saw the Edison Pen in a window and called for a demonstration.

was a wise man to see that in the office of U.S. patents Pat Edison machine had expired, and so with some minor alterations, including an ink reservoir at the tip of the barrel and move the engine and therefore the weight, four inches of the hand (had to stop a little fatigue when using this device), also the needle bar may now hold a total of three hands - O'Reilly patented the first electric machine tattoo on December 8, 1891.

So a few days ago was the birthday of this machine: barely meets ... 119 years old!

The tattoo world would never be the same. The machine itself was not revolutionary, it was actually quite simple, but if the idea that electricity could help in the tattoo. This concept changed the business forever ... And Edison got his own tattoo as a form of payment: is tattooed on his forearm five points, suggesting a die.

George Burchett (the first tattoo artist who appeared on television in 1938) bought the electric tattoo machine and started using in his shop. It was a success! Will eventually improve the design, including a switch to stop the machine, and include a double coil, an improvement introduced by the Englishman Alfred Charles de Cockspur.


How does the tattoo machine?
While O'Reilly's machine was based on the rotary technology of Edison's engraving device, modern tattoo machines use electromagnets. The first machine based on this technology was a single machine patented coil Thomas Riley in London, just twenty days after O'Reilly filed the patent for his rotary machine. For your machine, Riley placed a modified assembly of the door bell on a brass box. The modern two coil configuration was patented by Alfred Charles, also of London. Because it was so heavy, a spring was often tied to the top of the machine and the ceiling to take most of the weight of the operator's hand.

Most modern tattoo machines can control depth, speed, and strength of the needle of use, which has allowed tattooing to become a very precise art form. Such advances in precision have also produced a style of facial tattooing that has attained mainstream popularity in America called dermapigmentation, or "cosmetics" permanent.

The machines vary in patterns and forms but the performance is basically the same. All have the rod with needles up and down rapidly piercing the skin to penetrate the pigments.

This occurs when two coils are magnetized and attract the inertia bar down, the bar moves down, and having the rod, the needles pierce the skin, when the bar is lowered, the contact pins are separated each causing a break in the circuit, then the machine stops, the coil is demagnetized and bar goes back to normal position by removing the needle from the skin. When climbing, the contact tips touch and the process repeats again and again. Is a magnetization and demagnetization circuit where the bar goes up and down, this happens at a rate of fifty (50) times per second, according to the cycle of current and power with which you use, the human eye sees only movement, and only perceived the typical and characteristic hum of a tattoo machine.

Each artist will tune their tattoo machines in a manner most appropriate to the way tattoos. The proper force must be present to ensure that the needles can penetrate the top layers of skin, which vary primarily only in the energy and current variations of the machine to machine, and force requirements based on the amount, configuration, and type of needle. Stroke length and the speed at which the tattoo machine runs can vary greatly depending on the speed of the hand of an artist and the personal style of tattoo.

This custom of tattooing, so fashionable today, "actually refers to the most primitive and magic of human history.

Info taken from:
http://www.clarin.com/viajes/tatuajes_0_338366177.html
http://www.fotolog.com/sta_tattoo/76546095
http://www.pisitoenmadrid.com/blog/2009/07/edison-y-los-tatuajes/
http://www.cuerpoyarte.com/2008-09-02/3404/la-maquina -de-tattoos-modern-a-invention-of-% C2% BFtomas-edison /
http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-tatuajes-artisticos-nivel-inicial/maquinas-fuentes-alimentacion

And of course, the page of my tattoo:
http://www.huarpesstudio.com.ar/

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AREQUIPA TAX ATTORNEY SECURES CONVICTION OF OFFENDERS TACNA

Provincial Deputy Attorney Yajaida Huaman Escobar of the 2nd Provincial Criminal Prosecutor's Corporate Judicial District of Arequipa, achieved the sentence against the accused Mayhua Churata Joshua and Jose Octavio Mamani by Tanco crime against sexual freedom to the detriment of less than 15 years.

Mayhua Churata Defendants Joshua and Jose Octavio Mamani Tanco were sentenced to 15 and 10 years of deprivation of freedom, respectively, have proven that through violence underwent vaginal and anal sexual intercourse with a girl under 15 years, November 23, 2009 in the first room, located in City of God, committee 13 Mz Ll, Lot 03, Yura, where he previously gave to drink liquor and beaten.

At 11:00 h the Honorable Judges of the college made up of doctors Naica Techi Salazar Coronado, José Arce Paredes Villafuerte and Orlando in April, passed sentence after hearing the indictment on trial, supported by fiscal Huamán Yajaida Escobar, who demonstrated both anti-social abuse, in whom the least trusted, as Jose Mamani Tanco was a classmate of the older sisters of the victim.

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GETS PRISON FOR THEFT

The Provincial Prosecutor Walter Goyzueta 1st Neyra. Research Office of the Attorney Provincial Corporate Criminal Tacna, achieved effective sentence of two years imprisonment for the accused Yoci Eder Marino and Paolo Zalcedo Ramos Valeriano Layme for the crime against property in the form of aggravated robbery.

The facts date back to January 27 2009, the approximately 2:00 am, when the accused Yoci Zalcedo Marino Ramos and Eder were Valerian Paolo Layme by near Leguía Avenue, when they observed a car parked Toyota Production Plate AK-8157, and as there was nobody there, decided to remove the accessories thereof.

The Charged Layme Valeriano to commit the criminal offense used a screwdriver and scissors to steal a car radio, a rearview mirror and other objects, while Salcedo Ramos watched not approached the police or owner of the vehicle, also was keeping the stolen goods in a black bag.

personal Incidentally police patrol car was making rounds of prevention Avenue Leguía plate patrol aboard PL-7482, when observed the suspects inside the vehicle, so decided to intervene in the act, carrying the surgery to decrease the vehicle, leaving the stolen goods beside the vehicle.

immediately put the knowledge to Duty Prosecutor, who ordered the preliminary investigation, proceeding to question the surgery, who after recognizing having committed the crime refused to early termination and waited for the oral proceedings, which aspired to a suspended sentence.

Finally Sole Criminal Judge, after hearing the oral trial discussion between the Attorney Goyzueta Neyra and Technical Defense , last Wednesday, 24 condemned Yoci charged Eder Marino and Paolo Ramos Zalcedo Layme Valeriano to 2 years of actual imprisonment for the crime against property in the form of aggravated robbery, ordering immediate placement in the Penal Pocollay.

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EFFECTIVE PROSECUTOR OF SENTENCE FOR MURDERER TACNA DID THE OLD

The Provincial Prosecutor Yesica Hernandez Bahamondes 2nd. Research Office of the Attorney Provincial Corporate Criminal Tacna, achieved a sentence of 33 years imprisonment for the accused Loayza Percy Andres Perez (47) for the crime of murder and 8 years Flores Edson Omar Sosa (41) as an accessory to aggravated robbery, to the detriment of the retired teacher Eleuteria Rodriguez Vega.

The facts date back to May 20, 2009, when at 04:00 am, the aggrieved Eleuteria Vega 78 old, left his home in July MacLean Street No. 591, in the direction of a shop located half a block from his house and the return was seen by the defendant Percy Andres Perez Loayza alias "Petete" and an unidentified , realizing that he had not closed the entrance door.

In these circumstances, "Petete" (47) and another unidentified person was found with Flores Sosa (41) and indicate that they saw a TV for stealing, which should act as a "bell."

Perez Loayza then the person in the company of an unidentified, entered the home of the victim, which followed her as she walked toward the tank to your home, where next to the unidentified, the push against the floor, making it fall and hit in various parts of the body, carrying the unidentified victim to rape in the presence of "Petete."

Consummated sexual offense, the accused Perez Loayza being recognized by the victim, grab a sweater that fits around the neck of the victim and proceeds to steal two TVs and a former portfolio of the complainant.

Police National began investigating after several days and reached out to two of the suspects and put them the Public Prosecutor, where Attorney Jessica Bahamondes formally investigated school and made accusations against the judiciary.

Collegiate Finally the Criminal Court, after listening to the intense debate between the Public Prosecutor and the Defence technique, last Wednesday 24 November Loayza sentenced Perez (47) to 33 years in prison and ordered to pay civil damages of 23 000 new soles, while Flores Sosa (41) was sentenced to 8 years in prison and pay a civil reparation of 1800 soles .

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RRAM ... SHTAIN!

tail blocks and blocks of surprised me by reaching the near Stadium Racin 'Clu de Avellaneda (as would the Hunter). not really expected so many people! On the other hand, as badly organized queues ... According to a note of the Rolling Stone , more than 35,000 people.

and fauna that looked! from Marilyn Manson clones Putis up great with T-shirts Ladies Maiden or AC DC. Moving across the spectrum: white (little), gray clearly, gray, black mouse (T-shirt for a thousand years), black, sleek (Wave I just bought the shirt that sold here "). Well, also some colored shirts ... red mainly. And bored and spend hours in line, we started to have T-shirts Punisher: saw 6 and one of Cthulhu (very like)! "Security" and Caching tail ... a joke, really.

circulating rumors that Rammstein would not put giant screens for people to concentrate on the show itself, but - did I mention that the organization was very poor? - I suspect it was not the thing ... because we were in mezzanine we missed much of the show precisely because they are far away: Till guessed what he was wearing (the singer) and not to mention the expressions on the faces of all musicians. Still, fire, lights, dancing, music speaks for themselves. Each topic had its own set of lights (different colors) their own pyrotechnics and costume changes were a lot, too.

The show itself was impeccable! Beyond that the second subject was discontinued because some fences fell (poorly armed?) And there were people who fell with them, Rammstein played nearly nonstop until the encores. And encores were excellent!

Personal Insights: Till has an impressive public management, with just two or three sentences in Castilian people howled at will. And the keyboard is full of tomatoes, really made us laugh with his antics ...

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New blog!

opened this new blog:
http://lilith-cyborg.blogspot.com/

blog is not over, at least for me.
I realized a while now every time I read more about smart women and nonconformist, that changed a little time, called attention to injustices, in order: feminists. And I thought of doing a blog to compile all this info in one place, for me, and why not for other people: notes, clippings, ideas, history, all relating to feminism. And occasionally peppered with some personal thing, experience or opinion. Nothing too ambiocioso, right? just collect things. Something like my personal experience of feminism, with input from my friends too.
I chose this date to open it because it seems emblematic November 25 is the Day of non-violence against women.

And that name?
Read more ...

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ESPOL Paper: Understanding and Responsible Mining

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By: Mr. Vicente Encalada

Guayaquil, November 8, 2010.

ESPOL

When he finally finds the nail enriched, against all odds, including technical advice, the artisanal mining and small-scale, exclaimed with satisfaction: A lot to ask God is that nothing worth knowing !....

While mining requires very lucky to meet the random circumstances that are beyond the limited research or vacuum pre-investment studies, characteristic of metal mining, so far the only production in Ecuador: small-scale mining and artisanal gold.

What is most needed is responsibility to continue to develop and create their own space, have been welcomed by local communities and appreciation of Ecuadorian society.

"Knowledge is Responsibility," the Commander Ernesto Che Guevara. It is certainly true, if we know the consequences of our acts and actions, we can avoid adverse reactions and effects of mining operations.

miners are not organized or run many risks to go, sometimes in remote locations, to pollute water, air, soil, in order to destabilize the nature, but to extract mineral resources demanded by the standard of living of the society.

The start of mining production brings joy to investors and recipients of tax officials, but soon local claims arise by various "new" problems that disturb the domestic life of host communities. ;

This requires knowing the pre-existing problems and potential problems that can generate new mining operations.

Knowing requires research and scientific abstraction, there is the space for Higher Education in Minas Gerais, before having the opportunity, has the obligation to participate responsibly and systematized in the prevention and resolution of problems mining activities and impacts.

Now the applicant society ever more articles from oil and minerals, that company is not willing to tolerate the negative impacts of extractive operations.

Miners we have to respond by reformulating our concepts, we now need professionals that lead to mining with a focus on mine closure rather than the privileged "old" approach to production.

Mining Engineering should consider opening mines to be closed, while interested in the reserves, production rates, criticized the law, especially as a stay should be interested in space when no longer there is mine.

Asking questions such as:

• Infrastructure and facilities to be abandoned to abrasion factors of time?.
• water, soil, vegetation and fauna, wait for the chance of natural recovery?
• communities are immersed in the "litter" and longing for a better past?
• The tailings were deposited as potential sources of acid mine drainage and pollution?
• The country left without income or unemployed?
• always before constructing an artificial element or remove a natural deposit must ask the question: How will it work and when the mine closes?

Mine operators need of mining engineering to extract, transport, drain, vent and light, with appropriate techniques to ensure during the conduct of operations to mitigate the negative effects impacting on natural and social parameters, ensure physical and chemical stability after mine closure and sustainable projects in parallel could permit.

the current situation in Ecuador, the small-scale mining should be `enriched not only by high concentrations of the nails but by the widespread knowledge and innovative techniques for professional graduates of the School of Mines Institutes Higher Education.

The challenge is serious, because payments are regarded as professional fees and unnecessary costs, knowledge is less valued than luck, then who would play to demonstrate the value of knowledge is to it possess.

Sometimes university graduates are bitter because they are not "studied" do not give them opportunity and space and value to your preparation and have a reason because they first entered the university of mining practice where the levels are not approved for testing if results not .

Young graduates have to work hard to prove, that being that they knowledgeable? , They have an advantage to make operations more efficient and accountable. This implies suddenly enter into competition with the experience routinely taken as models enter the "correct" and "appropriate" and take the challenge of taking skills to innovate.

mines professionals must come prepared to do and always to study abreast of new problems that need new solutions to the difficult test to pass semi-annual cycles are repeated daily, then we need graduates who are willing to study to pass every day a new course of their professional practice.

small-scale mining in Ecuador have to be open to university graduates to be benefited by the added value of knowledge and scientific research. Impossible to do responsible mining claim no knowledge. Government regulations without training is a dead letter.

be responsible small mining claims to be creative because knowledge and technology is not a single book, equipment and tools not found in catalogs of high-tech brands. Be used in innovative knowledge and practices scattered in publications not written. The college graduate has an opportunity to create, innovate and adapt their talent to an unknown reality sometimes underestimated.

The professional technician must also have a perception to fit multiple cultural, social, economic and political, since it is not mining for mining, but in a global context where it should take full responsibility for legal compliance, tax payments, social security work, health and mine safety, good community relations, sustainable and environmental prevention projects.

is a great truth: "Knowledge is Responsibility! ".

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State seeks its share of the Mining Law



Print Source: Information Analysis Bureau

The standard was approved by the so-called 'Congresillo' in January 2009. It establishes a royalty to the State's highest private enterprise of all proceeds from the sale of minerals. You are also given priority in allocation of land for exploration and development, and created the National Mining Company. The miners' unions claimed that the rule changes are radical and fear more reforms. In the Assembly there is a project that Pachakutik introduced in May this year.

The strongest feature of the current Mining Law, which was approved by the Interim Congress in January 2009, is that this time the state has a greater involvement in their own natural resources, because this country is going to take off its economy, as leagued assembly COUNTRY block the vote on the second debate of the law. The assembly of the ruling party contributed with 50 votes in favor of the Act, 65 members present.

The content of this rule does not retain any of the Mining Law was enacted in 1991, employers and consultants say. "He took a turn over 180 degrees," Orbea consultant said Victor, who also collaborates with the College of Engineering Geology, Mining, Petroleum and Environment (Cigmyp).

based Assembly of reforming the law, namely, Articles 408 and 313 of the Constitution which state that property are inalienable, and indefeasible State non-renewable natural resources, and in general, products subsoil, and other fields. Also non-renewable resources are considered a strategic sector and the state reserves the right to manage, regulate, control and management. Orbea

For current law there is no state boundaries, as participation in contracts with mining companies. He explained that the new text back royalties from last year, gives the government a minimum of 5% of profits by mining.

This benefit could rise to 50% plus the income tax, utilities, Value Added Tax (VAT).

procurement system, also unique, modified according to Orbea. The article states that the concessionaire will have to sign a separate agreement with the state to explore, exploit, benefit and other resources.

"Now there is the single contract which had given him extraordinary powers to universal, say the mining concession, which in part was fine but otherwise not. Now we have that the dealer must explore a mining area, but the while I discover a site has to return to talks with the State to negotiate a contract for exploitation. If you do not agree, what makes (the state) is contracted to the dealer as professional services, "said Orbea.

This type of contract is almost unique in the world, said the consultant, even in Latin America. "For there are negotiations stalled because many foreign companies do not look kindly on that ...."

concessions on areas that previously taken without due process also will regulate the current Mining Law, said Vicente Encalada, president of the Chamber of Mines of El Oro explained that before the grant was sought directly of land but now you enter a system that may also involve other interested bidders on the same property.

also mentioned that the company interested in exploring for or extracting minerals must submit a semiannual report to explain the progress of their work. "Before the patent is only being paid a dollar in the first year per hectare, and over time reaches $ 16. This time they asked for the plan of work, investment and semi-annual report is to verify if what you (the company) has committed to invest and work was being done, "he said.

For Marcos Reyes, president of the National Mining Chamber, radical reforms of the law were made to restrict mining in the country in private hands. He said because the validity of the new law the State reversed nearly 3 000 concessions, leaving about 800, with which he said there are not many resources to the country, from the payment of license fees hectares.

But he said that the reversal of mining concessions had to do with irregularities. "What happens is that you had to recover for the state a given surface to form a new state company ... So where going to work this new state company would create if needed the concession in private hands. Had to recover them, had them back. There was an argument that is waved at any given time in the Assembly, and as there was a minority, obviously as illegal because obviously it has been approved for this mandate is issued " . Demand

Constitutional Court

Indigenous Organizations as Conaie Ecuarunari, Confeniae, called in December 2008, then file the draft Mining Act Irina Assemblywoman Cabezas, who held the presidency of the Committee on Economic Development and Production 'Congresillo'.

The Indians said that the text of the law affecting the concept of "good living" and therefore was autocratic and unconstitutional.

the absence of consensus, the groups filed suit in March 2009, the Constitutional Court. But in March this year, the president of the organization, Patricio Pazmino, said the constitutionality of Article 15, 28, 31, 59, 87, 88, 90, 100 and 105 of the standard.

These items are related to declarations of public utility easements, freedom of exploration, mining concessions and more. Warranty

environmental involvement

In May 2010 Clever Assemblyman Jimenez, head of block Pachakutik, presented a bill to reform the Mining Law. The text still does not pass debate, and although not known with accuracy the content the author of the project, according to Jimenez Blog of the National Assembly, the proposal is the correct application of the constitutional mandate on participation Ecuadorian state the benefits of exploiting natural resources that are not clearly regulated. "

Jiménez said that the current Mining Law avoids the responsibility of the State in terms of policies and measures, "to avoid the impending environmental impacts, which leads to implicit more than punishment, the obligation of the owner mining restore ecosystems and compensate individuals and communities affected by mining. "

In that sense, Assemblyman proposes the creation of a guarantee of 10% of proven mineral reserves of the state mining companies Ecuador to ensure care for the environment.

The Mining Act prohibiting the installation of camps in areas of national security, which was not met by the prefect of Zamora Chinchipe, Salvador Quishpe, who has reiterated that the area of \u200b\u200b20 km of national security are located foreign companies.

said it repeatedly denounced the current government, including documentation but has not received a response.

not updated safety regulations since 1998

Vicente Encalada, president of the Chamber of Mines of El Oro, said that regulations on safety in the mining sector in Ecuador is not Reform for twelve years. However, he stressed that the updating of regulations has no major impact on the occurrence of accidents.

explained that the issue of mine safety has been discussed in international meetings, where it has been reported that countries like Chile and Finland, known for many mining, security codes has more than 2,500 standards, but still maintain a high rate of accidents.

"The problem is that everyone thinks is the lack of regulation, lack of laws, regulations which make accidents, it is not. The problem of accidents is lacking in conscience that arise from the lack of training. So no one can, no person, manager or worker measuring or assessing risk and less aware of the dangers but is aware, "he said.

explained that the entities responsible for reviewing compliance with safety standards in mining is the Undersecretary of Mines, where he indicated that the owner could not be pronounced on safety in mines in the country because he was at the site of Portovelo (El Oro).

In that place where the company operates Minesadco, working in the country for ten years, four miners were trapped in a landslide last Friday. After the accident the undersecretary Energy, Mines and Petroleum suspended the granting of the mining company for inactivity in the area, due to the incident.

Heater Harmon Streaming

THANKS, MARIO MARIO VARGAS LLOSA

The Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa.

When almost everyone had given up the hope that Mario Vargas Llosa received, one day, the Nobel Prize in literature due to the belief that the Swedish the Swedish Academy were to continue Swedes forever and would grant him the prize for which consensus had deserved it for nearly three decades, yesterday the news was finally announced that Peru had been expected for so long.

Yesterday was therefore one of those unforgettable days in the Peruvian rose happy to hear that, finally, Vargas Llosa was going to join the select group of writers who have received the highest international distinction of the letters.

The Nobel has been given, certainly, by his literary career. It is not for this columnist to a trial on it because, obviously, my specialty is not literary criticism.

But I can, however, express the deepest gratitude that can have a reader as I, like many of my generation, began to read literature with Vargas Llosa, leaving the taste and love of reading that can only manifest that feeling.

Yesterday I asked everyone, famous and anonymous, that about this Nobel, interviewed on First News of ATV and my program of Capital Radio, for your favorite book Vargas Llosa, and I was surprised the diversity of the answers, but then I realized that the extensive and valuable of his work was explained.

But the appreciation of Peruvians by Vargas Llosa should go far beyond the scope of the letters for his influence in the defense of freedom and fundamental rights of people is extremely valuable, which through frequent practical lessons in ethics and democracy.

The past year has been particularly valuable in this regard. First, by carrying on the Place of Memory after this project had already been buried under the pressure of the sectors that infiltrate authoritarian governments in order to preserve these ulterior motives.

Second, less than a month, getting, with his resignation from the commission of the Place of Memory , the cancellation of the decrees were enacted to give impunity to violators human rights and the dismissal of the minister who promoted it.

Mario Vargas Llosa

is, for all the world, the 2010 Nobel prize for literature. For Peruvians is also a moral reserve that he used to defend the fundamental rights of freedom of the people.

By: Augusto Alvarez Rodrich