Zankou Chicken Nutrition Guide

METAL MINING IN ECUADOR

BY: Dr. AGUSTIJN CHAMPIONS
(March / 2011)

MINING CONTRACTS

exploration studies conducted so far show that Ecuador has a strong presence, metallic minerals quantified: 39 million ounces of gold, 190 million ounces of silver, 40,000 pounds of copper, 1 million pounds of molybdenum. 80% of these reserves are located in the provinces of Zamora Chinchipe and Morona Santiago and are related to two metallic mineral belts: a copper-molybdenum-gold and one silver.

whereas the average price of these metals in the international market in January 2011, gold $ 1,289 an ounce, silver 28, $ 4.33 per pound copper and molybdenum 30, the amount of reserves of these metals equivalent dollar would be two hundred twenty-eight billion dollars (228 billion U.S. dollars USA)

mining contracts should be developed based on mineral reserves in the subsoil. The amount of technical reserves determines the daily production annual and one of several minerals, as well as the life of the mines. Also for planning purposes it is necessary to consider that the initial amount of reserves will increase as you make the detailed exploration of the two belts ores: copper-molybdenum-silver and gold.



In this part of the analysis, we should recall the experience in our country with oil. Initial oil reserves of northeastern Ecuador the year that began oil exploration (1,972), were 1200 million barrels (1.2 billion), but recently it held the operation of four billion (4,000,000,000) barrels of oil reserves remaining in the ground are the order of 4,000 million barrels. This fact was not considered in 1972. This is largely due to the improvisation and lack of planning and management in the exploitation of oil, an experience that is necessary to take into account now that he is planning and organizing mining in the southeast.

The amount of the initial reserves of gold, silver, copper and molybdenum from southeastern Ecuador, to plan the installation of a metallurgical factory to produce tons of refined copper a day for 70 years and another to produce 500 000 ounces gold and 1 million ounces of silver annually for 80 years, which as noted will increase as they explore more fully the south east. The approach for installing metal factories including further that when you start the exploitation of such deposits in other provinces: Chaucha and Quimsacocha in Azuay, Zaruma Gold Gold, Junín in Imbabura, Curipamba in Bolivar and others, mineral in concentrate is brought to the southeast metallurgical factories.

Likewise, the amount of reserves warranted planning and management of the south east and the country in a rational and sustained. In planning mining should be considered, that whatever is planned is justified metallic mineral reserves in the subsoil. In

exploitation contracts to be signed with the Ecuadorian carriers based on their interests should require:

1 .- The share appropriate, be delivered by companies in the form of ingots of gold, silver , copper and molybdenum in order to facilitate their employment in different sectors of industry and give them added value. With this measure, the Ecuadorian state medium and long term, would recover tens of billions of dollars, creating jobs and industry and their own national sovereignty.

Under the current Mining Act, the mining concession, which initiates the operation of a mineral deposit to be paid to the Government: 25% tax on income, profits 12%, 12% of value added tax, 5% royalties, 70% of revenue windfalls. What is proposed is to add all these taxes and collect the equivalent in bullion. With this measure, companies should build factories in the country with the highest metallurgical technology, creating jobs and above all prevent it from carrying the ore in concentrated form.

by requiring companies that deliver the gold in ingot form, the State may allocate part of this reserve to strengthen Central Bank reserves and bring them to market when gold prices rise in the international market (in the last 18 months the price of gold shot up $ 600 to 1,400 an ounce), some gold can be devoted to develop the gold industry and tourism (50% of world gold production is dedicated to producing jewelry), implying that during the colonial period the English crown received the royal fifths which he was entitled under the law in ingots.

Similar examples can be done with the fate that would give the silver bullion, copper and molybdenum.

As is known, the CIA. Kinross, bought the CIA. Aurelian Resources, the Fruta del Norte deposit in 1200 million (1.2 billion) of dollars less than 2 years ago, when the price of gold as he scored was six hundred (600) per ounce, today gold price is the order of 1400 (1,400) per ounce. The reserves of the Fruta del Norte deposit are fourteen million ounces of gold, Kinross CIA doing nothing to gained $ 800 per ounce, it should be noted that the State never received a cent for this operation, since the sale was made when was in effect the previous Mining Act.

In this part of the analysis is also necessary to remember that the gold district Portovelo-Zaruma was for 50 years 1900-1950, the largest in South America (also it was during the colony). Which initially was the Great Zaruma Gold Mining and then the South American Development Company SADCO, the two foreign companies during that time, mines exploded Portovelo. During this period ore it had been in the form of concentrates and the Ecuadorian State received rightful participation only by the gold content thereof. In countries where these companies had their factories metallurgical concentrates obtained over gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc and other associated elements such as cadmium, indium and germanium.

Demanding payment that corresponds to the state in the form of ingots, is the most important approach that should make the State.

2 .- Based on the wealth of non-metallic minerals and metals in the south east, it should require carriers planning to build one or more modern cities, ecological and sustainable in the provinces of Zamora Chinchipe and Morona Santiago. In this region there are vast plains, located near the belts of mineral deposits of copper, molybdenum and gold-silver located on the western flank of the mountain range of El Condor. Cities in the jungle, as well as administrative and housing units should planned so that they are surrounded by national parks and reserve areas located along the rivers Zamora, Nangaritza Quimi, Manchinatza, Bomboiza and others, as well as natural forests located on the eastern flank of the Cordillera Real and the Cordillera del Condor. Must have the transport infrastructure: an international airport, major roads linking the region to the north of Peru and Puerto Bolivar, health infrastructure: electricity, water, sewer, modern hospitals, health centers, units equipped first-aid ambulances and rescue teams. 3 .- Prepare

specialized staff of technicians and technologists for mining and other needs that the country requires-refinery in the Pacific, Coca Codo Sinclair project. Developing with the settlers and natives of the region based projects existing natural resources: agriculture, livestock, forestry, ichthyological, tourism and other projects that will remain true when mining is completed.

Finally, it is urgent to create a National Reserve, consisting of specialized and experienced staff who will be responsible solely for carrying out checks and monitoring of large foreign companies and to review reports on Reserves / Production presented. Members of this committee must give the approval and signature authorizing the exploitation of mineral deposits, or increased production rates.

Volunteers In Retirement Home Portland Oregon

PROSECUTOR OF GREGORIO TACNA ALBARRACIN OF CONVICTION GETS TAXI

Niacin And Peripheral Neuropathy

that robbed the plebiscite of Tacna and Arica

The March 4, 1925 the U.S. President, Calvin Coolidge, who was the arbitrator appointed jointly by Chile and Peru, issued his ruling and ordered to carry out the referendum on the fate of Tacna and Arica. These provinces were in the hands of Chile for ten years after the Treaty of Ancon in 1883 sealed the national defeat in the Pacific War. The referendum should have been done long ago, but Chile had prevented it. Meanwhile, practiced a policy of "chilenization" which meant hostility Peruvian families and grants to settle in Chilean territory.

why Peru had argued that past 40 years, the referendum was impractical and that Chile should return both provinces. Thus, the failure of Coolidge was considered a defeat, but the Peruvian government did not shrink. Decided send a delegation to Arica and face the new context. The U.S. appointed General Pershing, one of the victors of World War I as its representative to run the referendum. Once on the ground, was to verify the abuses by the Chilean authorities, as a result, his opinion would lean toward the position of Peru.

In March the following year, the Peruvian delegation was installed in Arica, which led to a parade of the flag, led mostly by women in Peru. The event was crowded and was a strong hostility of the Chilean population. But women were the vanguard plebiscite and knew defend the flag, including Mrs. Cristina said Vildoso.

In those days, Tacna and Arica were the scene of constant street battles and it blows, it rained stones, mud, urine on Peruvians. Amid this climate, delegates raised American democratic conditions to develop a registry of voters and develop the plebiscite. The Pershing Peru and Chile supported objected. Thus, shortly after the U.S. representative withdrew agreeing with him to Peru, in the sense that the referendum was impractical because of the attitude of Chile.

was a victory moral, but lacked the political correlate. Indeed, Chile was in possession of the territory and showed no signs of abating. For its part, the U.S. is not committed to the decision of its delegate and instead began to raise the partition of the territory. After many turns, President Augusto B. Leguía accepted this formula resulted in the Treaty of Lima in 1929, which returned Tacna to Peru and Arica gave in perpetuity. In a supplementary protocol was established the famous clause that Chile can not cede territory to Bolivia has been in the Peruvian Arica without our consent.

accepted Leguía Why? Jorge Basadre remember that basically nothing had thought that the passage of time had to lose everything. Then, because we had no strength to tip the situation. We fought with the weight of the treated and the people's resistance, but the weapons were on the other side. In these circumstances, a pragmatic Leguía thought it was best to win a share to lose the set.

Peruvian history has made this treaty as a reasonable solution. It is the question of Chile. Why agreed to return territory it had won by arms? His reasoning was simple, to preserve forever the proceeds in the war had to return I caught part of Peru. The important thing is that back willingly. Going to The Hague, is false claim that has never given and will go to war if you happen to lose something that High Court decision.

By Antonio Zapata

Source: larepublica.pe

Kalkulator Imperia 2010

CHRONIC: THE SLAUGHTER OF Uchuraccay An Insider

breathless, pointless: the slaughter of Uchuraccay and subsequent politicization have been the worst tragedies of national journalism, without compassion. Each year, Javier Ascue journalist representative Trade today and who could be the ninth martyr, says the December 29, 1982 by two conflicting aspects. First, that day arrived in Ayacucho as a correspondent to cover an impending invasion: Path announced that it would take Huamanga and General Clemente Noel was appointed political chief military emergency in the area known criminal's headquarters Cabitos. And second, that day was her birthday.

From that date until the dreadful 26, Ascue witnessed the social and psychological collapse, with daily killings.

Journalists sought, therefore, the overriding general statements Noel. To which, according Embers: "In a press conference wants to announce with pride that the rural population is responding with their Armed Forces against criminals and terrorists have killed seven Huaychao Area."

With this news, on the social scale, opened a civilian front of resistance. And the newspapers began to send relay, but Javier embers remained. Retto Willy came first, the photographer of "The Observer": "And the first thing your editor Willy, the boy Mendivil, is to win a first. Now was the interior minister to Ayacucho by helicopter and made photo.

Arriving just beat us. He had gone to Venezuela, told me it was regular and she missed Peru. I had known little next to Oscar, her father, photographer of "Last Time" "he says. The next day he was reunited with Jorge Sedano "The Republic": "I was a street photographer and journalist before he had been dealer photo in homes. When he saw me he said: "I follow the steps," I was very happy. He said: "I have to help me from here I have to return to Lima famous." And I suggested that she go to Carmen Alto, where he waved a red flag. It was and was home the next day in his newspaper. We were great friends! ".

Amador Garcia arrived soon after, the magazine "Listen" and Pedro Sanchez for "The Diary of Marka. And Huaychao remained the first in sweet. However, Ascue took to cover a shooting in Chuschi. Returning his feet bloodied by the scary road and found Eduardo de la Piniella, of "The Diary of Marka. "They had organized the trip to Huaychao. Until then nobody knew Uchuraccay, or that there was something about that name.

were waiting for me because it was a rural area and I spoke Quechua. "If not, we left yesterday." I told them was wrong. I went to a meeting at 8 pm, and encouraged me. In it, reach Octavio Infante, journalist of "Panorama", in Ayacucho, and says: "It's easy trip, I'll help, I'm from the area, speak Quechua, when we get to Tambo to my estate, I I provide horse. " There they would wait for a guide named Juan Argumedo. And I said: "If there is a Quechua-speaking ...." Like I woke up at 5:30 in the morning and saw, in a barge full that De la Piniella sat next to the driver. "Since then, Javier, let me go," he said. It was assumed that he would not, as had many of "Diary of Marka. There was also the correspondent Félix Gavilán. He said: "Sit back." And I said, "No, I feel bad." There were jokes and still see them sticking his head out the window: "I sucked". "

The fierce tragedy not even one day hope to be known. A woman entered Huamanga, sought to Javier and gave the journalist card Jorge Luis Mendivil, "Lord, journalists have been killed ...." And the tenacious correspondent of Trade first heard the name on the following days demonizaría to its residents: Uchuraccay.

General Noel appeared in public and confirmed the deaths. Embers got the first helicopter and helped dig his sleepwalking hands were two by two, face down, four graves, mutilated head, axes, slingshots and stones. Farmers who used to be "patriots" to kill hikers would turn into "criminals."

POLITICAL MOTIVATIONS

What followed stink of ideology: the angry accusations fell on the Armed Forces, which "would have instigated the killing", according to many journalists, leftist leaders and family.

The February 2, 1983 Belaunde appointed a commission headed by Mario Vargas Llosa and was the most vilified in history when the community concluded that the mass murder committed by their conditions of exclusion and isolation . The anthropologist Luis Millones, who participated in this committee, once said: "It was a task that had to do over of anything ... I did the best I could and I can die with that quiet. "

Twenty years later, the CVR endorsed its conclusions: "The killing was cruel and did not last more than thirty minutes (...) peasants were sure they had killed members of the PCP SL, so it's buried outside the cemetery and no wake ... the bodies of the journalists were deposited near the square, just 200 meters without any desire of concealment. "

And neither denied "various agents of the state's sinchis and Marines, Command Chief Military policy and President of the Republic, encouraged this behavior. " But did not endorse the thesis that were direct perpetrators.

M. CARDENAS MIGUEL ANGEL (It's chronic was posted on January 24, 2009)

Source: elcomercio.pe